Easy2Siksha.com
  -2024
 5 
     
(1849-1947 . )
:    :50
:          ,          
        
-
1.  -         
2.           
-
3.            
4.      ,           
   
-
5.      ,        
6.            
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
7.             
8.                  
  -2024
 5 
     
(1849-1947 . )
:    :50
:          ,          
        
-
1.  -         
:  
    (1839):   ,     
  ,      ()  
       
   :  ,       
    ,         ( ) 
   
  :             
                , 
      
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  :  -         
 -    , -        

               
 - (1845)    1846)
 1845      1846         
 
1.      ( 1845)
               
    
           
2.   (18  1845)
  .
     ,         
      ,      
3.      (21-22  1845)
      
          
                
    
        ,      
4.      (28  1846)
    
            
            
5.      (10  1846)
  .
          
          ,    
  
    ,            

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          
 -   
     ( 1846)         
1.  
    (     )     
  
              75   
 
2.     
           ,      
   
           ( )  
 
       
3.      
        
         
   ,      ,      

4.    
         
               
      
5.  -    
      
         
   , 1848 ,  -   ,   1849
      
   
                  
             -  
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    ,       
       

 -  (1845-46)      ;      
 
         ,    
        
            
                

      ,          
           ,      
               
2.            
:      
    , 19             
,      ,   ,       
  ,                 
                
      ;      ,  , 
          
       ,           
      ,         
  ,       ,      
 ,      ,      -  
 ,      1849         
   :       
    ,    ,  "  "    , 
                
     ,        
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       ,        ,
            
  (1799-1839)  ,         
    ,             
         (1809)   ,   
                  
 
   1839        ,    
     
    :    
                 
                ,    
      ,        

     ,       
              
 ,   ,          
        ,         
     ,  ,       
               ,
     
          :   ,    
          
 -  (1845-46)
   1845               
                  
    ,             
 -            ,  
                
         ,   
   (1846)        :
       (     )   
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    
     ( )    ,   
       
        
     
   ,       ,        
       ,       ,   
                 

                  
,      ,           
  ,    ,     
 - (1848-49)
     1848 ,           
                 ,
        ,         
        -    ,  
   ,              (1849) 
       ,      , 
      ,     (1849)      
 
               
   (1849)
 1849 ,   -          
    ,         ,  
    
                 
                
           ,     
       
    ?
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      ,    :        
      ?   :
1.    -          

2.   -,             
3.   -           

4.  -     -     ,  
  
5.              
   
         ;    :
           
          ,    
  ,    1857         
             

     ,     ,      
 
              
   
               
  ,             
     ,           
           ,    
  ,     
-
3.            
:       
1.    
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  ,        
  ,        ,    
,           
          ,     

           ,     


:               
  
2.    
       , ,        
  
                

               

:       
    ,   
 ,      
3.   
              
 
 (    ,  )        
 
             
        ,        

:      ,         
              
4.     
      ,   ()      

             
              

:      ,       
 
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5.      
 ,         - 
    ,     -    
    
      -     
       
           ,    
   
1.    
       :    ,     ,
    
  ,  ,    
   -       

:              
2.        
  ,              
   :           
        ,       
     

:    ,      
3.      
    ,      
        -        
        
  ,             

:        ,    
4.   
  :  ,       
           
           
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5.          
              
 
         

:        
    
  :
               
         ,    
   
  ,       (1907) 
 
  :
    ,      
           
    -       
   
         ,     , , 
           (, )  
       ,   -    -
  ,         

              :  
   ,   
,         
       ,    ,    
  
 ,           
,              
  
   :        -     ,
   ;   ,    
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              , 
    ,        
4.      ,           
   
:     ,        
 
  :   
   19                
  ,        ,           
               
    ,       
        1849       ,  
              ""  
,   ,               
               ,  ,  
  ,    -  
               -
         ,      - 
1.       
  
 ,        ,      ,
,             , 
 ,                 
,          
 
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    (1849):           
           ""   

1854   ( ):       
              
    
      
       ,   ,  
   
     , ,       -,
       
    
             ,    
                  
           
   
      (     )   
  
19           ,     
   
 ,          ,     
 ,              
2.       
-    ,             
     
  
          
  ,        
               
   
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   - , ,       

        ,      
  
  
       :
     ,        
        ,      
       
     
         ;       
  ,            
          
    
       - ,  ,    - 
     
      
 ,           ,   ,
 ,   
3.      
     -    - ,     
     
  
    ,  (1864)    ,     

       (1864)   ,    
   
  (1886)       ,    
             
  ,  (1892)        
           
   
Easy2Siksha.com
      ,  (1882)     
      ,     
    
  ,  ,       
  
    
   , ,  , ,        
   -          
    
 ,         19     20  
 ,      :
      ,   (1913)    
               
 
   
        - , ,  ,  
 
        ( ,  ,  )
          
4.    
     ,      :
 :    ,       
      :       
-:          
 
    :   ,      - 
      
5.         
Easy2Siksha.com
1947       ,          
    
           
           
    
 ,             
    
         ,       ,  
    ,         
                 

               
   ,           , 
   ,              
 ,            
     ,            
         ,   ,  
              
-
5.      ,        
: 󷊆󷊇     
1.   
1849               

       ,      ,   
      
 ,  ,         
                
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2.     (1816-1885)
  ( )           
      ,           

1857 ,     ,          

3. "  " " " ?
               
              ,    " "
   
 ,             , 
           
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼      
              
  ,    ,      

1.   
           
      ,     
      
2.  
,       
      
     
3.      
        
    -  -   
 -           
4.    
      ( )
      
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  (    )   
5.   
   ,            
              
  
        
6.       
   ,          

     
     ,    
     
󷡉󷡊󷡋󷡌󷡍󷡎      
        ,     
  
1.        
             
  
 ,  ,        
  
        
2.  
            
       ,       
 
3.    
              

              
         
    
4.    
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1872             
   
      :   65      

     ,         
 
5.      
,               
 
                
      
󼩺󼩻   
                
   ,             ,
                 
  ,         ,     , 
                 
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘
               
  :
   (       ),
    (, ,       ),
 (       ), 
   (    )
       ,         
     ,          
               
    
       ,        
       ,    ,    

                ; -, 
  ,  , 
           
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6.            
:         
          ,        
   ,      ,      
              ,  
    ,    ,    ,  
          ,       
        ,         
 
             ,   20 
      ,         
   
    ,            
,  ,           ,  ,  
             
     ,    ,        
                
-    
,      ,    ,   
      ,          
            ,      
 
              ,  
                
   ,         ,   
,             :  
      ,    -      ,  
       ,           
 
                 
 
 :    
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  1913               
    ""     ""  ""    
       ,      , 
     
             ,   ,
               
  ,            
       
          "",      
, ,                
     ,     ,       
        ,         
    , ,           
    ,      
    ?
,    :             ?  
       ,  ,      
      ,            
   ,           
    
,             ,   
           ,     
 
   
1914     ,             
         ,       
      ,       
,           ,  
          :     
    ,   ,       
     
Easy2Siksha.com
 ,    -       : "  
!  !   !"
    
          1857      
           ,    
         
19      
          
,              
  ,         
     
   
,             
 1915 ,           ,   
   ,           
            
 :    
           ,    
            ,   
          ,      
         
         ,       
               ,  
   ,      
               
,                
     
         ,      
1.          
    ,    
         
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2.                
             
3.            
    ,       ,      
 
4.           
()             
      
    ,            
       ,        , 
            
            ,      
               ,   
     

             -  ,
               , 
     ,         
                 
                
 ,               
   
-
7.             
:      
1.       
Easy2Siksha.com
18  19   ,        
   
      ,     ,    
,           
      ,  ,      
 
2.  
1849       ,         
     
       ,      
   
3.       
19          ,      
    
                
             
 , 1920             
  
1.     
1920           ()  
  
                
   
             
2.    ()
   ()  ,       ,
      
     :   ,   ,   
   
3.   
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      (1921):    ,     
              
      ,       
    (1922):         
         ,       
          
   (1923-25):         ,   
         ,    
    
4.      
             
     ,            
 
         
       
     ,          
 
1.    
             
 
1925      ,      
          
         
2.     
           
             
 
3.    
    
    
        
         
             
4.    
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                

               
5.    
            
 ,          
              
6.      
       ,         

               

   
             ,    (,
,  )       ,   
    ,             
    

   (1920  )        
     
               , 
           
 ,            
      
             
            
 ,               
      ,     -   
            ,      
,                
   
8.                  
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:            
        ,  -,  , 
    , ,  ,  
        
         ,        
          ,      
  ,   ,           
                 -
             "--"  
  :       
    28  1907    (  )      
               
                
   
      
        ,    ,       
                
     ,    
                 , 
          "        "
             
  :           
1919      ,           
     ,         
  ,            12   ,   
,               
 
  ,               
 ,               ,   
    ,   
    
  :      
 
Easy2Siksha.com
                  1920
          ,     
      ,      ,      
               
 (   )     
,  1922  -           , 
            ,    
                
         
   :      
-   ,              
, ,            
         
      (HRA)    ,    
           ,   ,  
       (HSRA)   ,  
          
       ,           
      ,           
   :          
1928 ,                
           ,   
 , 
              ,  
    ,           
   
                   
       ,       
       .       , 
  ,           
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        ,        
"   -       "     ,  
        
  :    
                  
    1929 ,    
       
      ,           
      
           ,         
  : "     ,          "
   ,    ,  " !"      
       ,       
   
   :   
                
    ,             
        ,  "   "  "  ",
       ,           

        ,      
   
             
 -  
  :  
               (  
   )    ,       ,
         
23  1931 ,  23    ,  ,      
             -  ,  
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         ,      -     

  :        
                 ?
1.                 
              
      
2.   
        ,     
    -          
3.                 
                 

4.                  
    
:   
   23   ,           
      ,        ,  
,              
       -,    ,    
        ,     
    ,             ,
               
    
        , "          
;         "
"                 
     ,    